Understanding Hypertension: Causes, Symptoms, and Management

What is Hypertension??

Hypertension occurs when the force of blood against the artery walls is consistently too high. Blood pressure is measured in millimeters of mercury (mmHg) and is recorded as two numbers:

Systolic Pressure: The pressure when the heart beats.
Diastolic Pressure: The pressure when the heart rests between beats.

A normal blood pressure reading is typically around 120/80 mmHg. Hypertension is diagnosed when readings consistently exceed 130/80 mmHg.

What are the Types of Hypertension?

Primary (Essential) Hypertension
No identifiable cause.
Develops gradually over time.

Secondary Hypertension
Caused by an underlying condition, such as kidney disease, hormonal disorders, or certain medications.
Tends to appear suddenly and is often more severe.

What are the Common Causes of Hypertension?

Several factors contribute to the development of high blood pressure, including:

Lifestyle Factors Excessive salt intake.
Sedentary lifestyle.
Obesity.
High alcohol consumption.
Genetics Family history of hypertension increases risk.
Age Blood vessels lose elasticity with age, raising blood pressure.
Chronic Conditions Diabetes, kidney disease, and sleep apnea are common culprits.
Stress Prolonged stress can contribute to elevated blood pressure.

What are the Symptoms of Hypertension?

Hypertension is often asymptomatic, earning its nickname as the "silent killer." However, severe cases may present with:

Persistent headaches.
Dizziness or lightheadedness.
Blurred vision.
Shortness of breath.
Chest pain.

What are the Complications of Uncontrolled Hypertension?

If left unmanaged, hypertension can lead to serious health problems, including:

Heart Disease: Increased risk of heart attack and heart failure
Stroke: Elevated blood pressure can cause brain hemorrhages.
Kidney Damage: Hypertension can impair kidney function over time.
Vision Loss: Damage to blood vessels in the eyes may lead to blindness.
Aneurysm: Prolonged pressure can weaken blood vessel walls.

Effective Management of Hypertension

Lifestyle Modifications Making healthy changes can significantly reduce blood pressure: